Colonialism in Africa - 911 Words

Ladonya Gatling World Civilizations II Mr. Mitchell 10:00-10:50 (MWF) Colonialism in Africa Neither imperialism nor colonialism is a simple act of accumulation nor acquisition†¦ Out of imperialism, notions about culture were classified, reinforced, criticized or rejected† (BBC World Service). The nineteenth century saw massive changes in Africa. Some were driven by famine and disease (BBC World Service). Some changes were the result of the territorial ambitions of African rulers. As the century progressed alliances with merchants and missionaries from Europe began increasingly to have a bearing on how African leaders achieved their goals (BBC World Service). At the beginning of the century, Europeans were still extremely ignorant†¦show more content†¦Apart from the above the introduction of the principal and the laws of obtaining the cheap labor in the plantation would made Africans to be more exploited, this is that the working class were provided the card so as to be identified if they worked and those who are not they worked yet, a good example is Kenya which was called Kipande system this system was introduced by the British (Gan) . The Scramble for Africa took place between 1886 and 1914 [ (The Colonization of Modern Africa) ]. During this time, European countries colonized all of Africa, with the exception of Ethiopia and Liberia. As is shown the following map, Britain, France, and Portugal were the main colonial powers in Africa, but Belgium, Germany, Italy, and Spain also had colonies [ (The Colonization of Modern Africa) ]. Most colonial economies in Africa are called mono-economies by economists. This indicates that the colonial economies were dependent on mining, settler agriculture, or the small scale production of a single cash crop. There were a few exceptions to this trend. By the end of colonialism in South Africa (1994), the country had a very vibrant and diversified economy boasting mineral, agricultural, and manufacturing industries, and an advanced commerce sector. Another example of a mixed economy is Nigeria [ (TheShow MoreRelatedImapct of Colonialism on Africa889 Words   |  4 PagesIMPACT OF COLONIALISM ON AFRICA In this view of the circumstances that existed during history in regards to colonial Africa. I venture to examine how colonialism is viewed, introducing you to a variety of texts which expose you to different views and debates about what Africa may well have been like today, had the colonization never taken place. The African resistance to colonialism put another perspective on the colonization of Africa by the Europeans and the Western influence Africa faced. EachRead MoreColonialism And Its Impact On Africa1206 Words   |  5 PagesColonialism is the establishment of the political and economic control of one state over another state. This establishment had one of the biggest impacts on Africa. This experience of colonialism began to take effect between the 1400s and 1800s. It started when the Europeans arrived to Africa and set up trading posts. In the late 1800s and early 1900s the increase of European power took over most of the continent. The legacy of the colonial experience will influence the history of the continent.Read MoreThe Colonialism Effect Of Africa1002 Words   |  5 PagesThe Colonialism Effect of Africa As the world races for its place in history, many continents excel on their mark on the map. It is because Africa was in the right place, but in a different time they were taken advantage of their glory. Although it is difficult for Africa to retrace and reclaim its memoirs, it has an origin that had existed before colonialism. The attempt of challenging modern history has desperately provided an economical realm that extracts and injects into Africa resources. Read MoreThe Imposition of Colonialism on Africa1233 Words   |  5 PagesAfrican Colonialism The imposition of colonialism on Africa drastically reconstructed the continent. All over, European powers attempted to â€Å"assimilate† countries into their own, all the while exploiting and victimizing their people, culture, and resources. However, if there was one aspect of colonialism that provided a fertile ground for conflict, it was the unknowingly insidious method of introducing religion, specifically Christianity, into African families. This is particularly exemplified inRead More Colonialism and Africa Essays1687 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Modern African states have several problems ranging from corruption, to armed conflict, to stunted structural development. The effects of colonialism have been offered as a starting point for much of the analysis on African states, but the question of why African states are particularly dysfunctional needs to be examined, given the extent to which they have lagged behind other former European colonies in many aspects. In the first section, I will consider the problems with AfricanRead MoreAfrican Colonialism And Its Effects On Africa1669 Words   |  7 Pagesinto, this happened to many places including Africa. Colonialism was a time when countries took control of another land, which they then governed through direct or indirect rule depending on the country. During this time, Africa was most sought after due to its resources and its uninhabited land. Due to this, all colonial powers scrambled to get their hands on a piece of Africa in order to expand their areas of rule. As a resul t of the scramble for Africa the Berlin Conference was held. At this conferenceRead MoreColonialism in Africa Essay example2840 Words   |  12 PagesCOLONIALISM IN AFRICA How does the legacy of colonialism affect contemporary African international relations? If questioned today about Africa in general the first reactions I would have are poor governance, poverty, conflict, economic instability and hunger. These are the major characteristics that dominate most of the states within the continent as a whole. The question would be has it always been this way? Different debates and differences have been focused on the colonial legacy forRead More Colonialism and Imperialism in Africa Essay1158 Words   |  5 PagesDisease and Imperialism in Africa      Ã‚  Ã‚   Diseases were prevalent in Africa during the time of European Imperialism. Disease affected both natives and European peoples in Africa. African diseases affected both natives and European explorers and soldiers as well as diseases brought by the Europeans that affected the Africans.      Ã‚  Ã‚   Numerouks diseases impadcted the Europeans in Africa during the time of Imperialism.   During the time of Imperialism many explorers and soldiers died of diseaseRead MoreThe Effects Of Colonialism And Western Powers On Africa890 Words   |  4 PagesAfrica has a complex history that has contributed to its current state, that to some seems hopeless and for others an opportunity for rebuilding and renewal in the continent. With the influences of colonialism and western powers the complete system of African cultures have been restructured and globalized. This has had negative and positive effects on the people of Africa, its economy and government. After colonialism, relationships between states have still remained and Western powers are a dominateRead MoreThe Economic And Economic Impacts Of European Colonialism In Africa780 Words   |  4 Pagesthe coasts of Africa. These forts and colonies began to nibble at the continent bit by bit; within thirty years, almost the e ntire continent had been claimed by colonial powers. Since there was a rise in nationalism among European countries, Africa provided these colonizers with their own market to produce raw materials and goods that would be used to benefit Europe’s Industrial Revolution. And so, with the increasing need for raw materials and a new market the ‘Scramble for Africa’ brought political

Enter Antigone and Ismene from the Palace - 10899 Words

Antigone Enter ANTIGONE and Ismene from the palace. ANTIGONE: Ismene, my dear sister through common blood, do you know of any evil from Oedipus Zeus will not perform on us who still live? For I have seen nothing—nothing painful, nothing mad or shameful or dishonorable—(5) that is not among your or my sorrows. And now what do they say? The general has just put an edict over the whole city. Have you heard it? Or have you avoided learning how our friends suffer the fate of foes?(10) ISMENE: No word of friends, Antigone, either sweet or painful, has come to me since we two sisters were robbed of our two brothers, both dying the same day by doubled hand. But since the army of the Argives departed last night, I ve seen†¦show more content†¦I will hate you the more if you don t tell these things to everyone. ISMENE: You have a hot heart for chilling matters. ANTIGONE: But I know I ll please those I should please most. ISMENE: If you can—you want the impossible.(90) ANTIGONE: Well, then, I shall stop whenever my strength fails. ISMENE: You should not start an impossible quest. ANTIGONE: If you say this, you will be hateful to me, and the dead will hate you always–justly. But let me and my foolish plans suffer(95) this terrible thing, for I shall succumb to nothing so awful as a shameful death. ISMENE: Then go, if this seems best to you, but know that your friends truly love you, however foolish. Exit ANTIGONE off stage, ISMENE into the palace, after which the CHORUS marches onto the stage. CHORUS: Str. 1 Ray of the sun,(100) fairest light of all those shining on seven-gated Thebes, at last you appeared, O eyes of golden day, coming over the streams of Dirce,(105) you sent away the white-shielded warrior from Argos, running from here, with your piercing bridle. He set forth against our land because of the contentious claims of Polynices,(110) like a sharply crying eagle flying into our land, covered with a wing white as snow, descending with many shields and crested with horse-hair.(115) Ant. 1 He perched on the roof, gaping wide with bloody spears around our seven gates, but then he went away, before his jaws were filled with ourShow MoreRelatedOedipus and Chorus Leader8958 Words   |  36 PagesAntigone By Sophocles; translated by Ian Johnston Dramatis Personae (Fill in relationship information for each character listed.) ANTIGONE: ________________________ ISMENE: ______________________________ CREON: ____________________________ EURYDICE: ___________________________ HAEMON: __________________________ TEIRESIAS: ___________________________ Polynieces: __________________________ Eteocles: ______________________________ Oedipus: Father of Antigone, Ismene, Polynices Read MoreAntigone6411 Words   |  26 PagesIntroduction The story behind Antigone is well-known. Antigone’s father was Oedipus. When he was born, it was prophesied that he would kill his own father and marry his mother. To avoid this, his parents had him sent out to be killed. The servant tasked with this, however, could not kill him and left him on a hillside to die of natural causes. He was discovered and raised by a poor family, and then later he returned and unknowingly fulfilled the prophesy, becoming in the process the king ofRead MoreThe Themes And Summary Of Antigone By Sophocles1318 Words   |  6 PagesSummary of Antigone â€Å"Antigone† is a tragedy made by the author Sophocles. Antigone starts out in Thebes in a post-war atmosphere. There was a war between two brothers for the crown of Thebes. The two brothers kill each other on the battle field resulting in one of the brothers receiving the people’s love and the other being labeled as a traitor to Thebes â€Å"Both brothers were killed in Battle.† Creon, the new king of Thebes, has decided because of Polyneices betrayal he shall not receive a soldier’sRead MoreThe, And Influences From Antonin Artaud s First Manifesto1302 Words   |  6 PagesBy using Don Taylor’s translation of the Sophocles’ written Antigone, and influences from Antonin Artaud’s First Manifesto, I hope to create a directorial concept which is interesting from both a visual and auditory perspective. My set will be the most important visual aspect of my production, and will be done on a proscenium arch, however, the stage will need to be incredibly tall (around 7m), but can be on the same level as the audience. On the stage, there will be four separate horizontal levelsRead Moretheme of alienation n no where man by kamala markandeya23279 Words   |  94 Pagesï » ¿ANTIGONE KEY LITERARY ELEMENTS SETTING This tragedy is set against the background of the Oedipus legend. It illustrates how the curse on the House of Labdacus (who is the grandson of Cadmus, founder of Thebes, and the father of Laius, whose son is Oedipus) brought about the deaths of Oedipus and his wife-mother, Jocasta, as well as the double fratricide of Eteocles and Polynices. Furthermore, Antigone dies after defying King Creon. The play is set in Thebes, a powerful city-state north of Read MoreThe Tragedy Of Sophocles Antigone Essay1808 Words   |  8 Pages Antigone is the main character of the homonymous tragedy of Sophocles. The play follows the formal conventions of Greek tragedy and it is composed of seven scenes (opening scene, prologos), five scenes and a final scene (exodus), which are divided noticeably by six choral songs (opening lyric, parodos) and five choral songs (stasima) which have some relevance to the dramatic situation. As Aristotle distinguishes in his work of literary criticism, Poetics, part of the excitement of a tragic performanceRead MoreThe Moral Heroism Of Antigone By Susan B. Anthony1891 Words   |  8 Pagesembrace the courage to stand up for their ethical principles and to challenge the existing social standards that are organized under strict leadership. Famous figures—from Susan B. Anthony to Rosa Parks—drew their moral heroism from the heroic action of characters in Greek literature such as Sophocles’s Antigone. The protagonist, Antigone, creates a conflict between her allegiances to political law and morals when the Theban king Creon decrees that the body of his nephew, Polyneices, remains unburiedRead MoreThe Oedipus Trials1090 Words   |  5 PagesA plague has stricken Thebes. The citizens gather outside the palace of their king, Oedipus, asking him to take action. Oedipus replies that he already sent his brother-in-law, Creon, to the oracle at Delphi to learn how to help the city. Creon returns with a message from the oracle: the plague will end when the murderer of Laius, former king of Thebes, is caught and expelled; the murderer is within the city. Oedipus questions Creon about the murder of Laius, who was killed by thieves on his wayRead MoreAnalysis Of Oedipus Rex 2527 Words   |  11 PagesAri Victor Honors English 28 July, 2015 Summer Reading Oedipus Rex 1. The people of Thebes are suffering from a god attacking their city. 2. The Priest asks Oedipus to save Thebes and the people living there. 3. The Thebans plead Oedipus for his help because 1) they think that Oedipus has help from the gods, and 2) they know that he already saved their town before, so he can save it again. 4. Oedipus has already taken the step of sending Creon to Apollo’s temple to ask how to save the city. 5. TheRead MoreCompare and Contrast the Part That the City or State (Polis) Plays in Antigone and Oedipus the King.1539 Words   |  7 PagesIn both Antigone and Oedipus the King the city plays an important part with the majority of the action in both plays taking place in public in front of a chorus of Theban citizens. Personal conflict/crises take place in public, and when personal events take place off stage, they are relied to the chorus (and the audience) through messengers. The city also helps to move the plot of the plays along, as well providing dramatic tension. In addition the city helps to give us greater understanding of

Cases & Commentary on Tort-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Advise MacTools Ltd as to its legal position, citing relevant legal authority. Answer: Introduction A tort is the term in law which denotes a civil wrong and one of the forms of tort is negligence. Negligence denotes the contravention of obligation of care by one party which injures or harms the other party (Latimer, 2012, p. 225). In the following parts, an advice has been prepared for MacTools Ltd to make them aware of the liabilities arising out of their negligence and the possibility of reducing the claims by highlighting the contributory negligence of Aurora. The situation which Jessie and the possible case of negligence by her, has also been analyzed. Issue The legal issue in this case revolves around the liability of MacTools arising from their negligence towards Aurora and Jessie. Rule In negligence, the actions of the individual are such that they pose of chance of another getting injured and so a duty of care is owed by them to the other person. When this duty of care is not fulfilled and the other party is injured, a case of negligence is made. In order to establish a case of negligence, there is a need to show the duty of care, the breach, foreseeability, damages, loss not being too remote, and finally the direct causation (Barnett and Harder, 2014, p. 148). For establishing duty of care, the neighbors rule given in the case of Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] AC 562 proves to be of help. In this case, the court held that due to the close relation amongst the manufacturer and consumer, there was a possibility of the actions of the former affecting the latter. And due to this reason, the former was asked to compensate the latter for the dead snail found in the bottle, which resulted in the latters sickness (E-Law Resources, 2017). Next step is to show that this duty of care was breached. In Paris v Stepney Borough Council [1951] AC 367, the plaintiff was not provided the safety gear when the council knew that the work involved the need of safety gears. Due to the injury caused to the plaintiff, he was blinded and so, the duty was held to be breached by the court as the safety gear was not provided (Swarb, 2017). There is also a need for the damage to be foreseeable for a claim to be made. This means that there had to be a chance of the harm to be caused. The foreseeability of loss depends upon the view of a prudent person (Clark, 2010, p. 306). The damages cannot be too remote and have to be significant for the damages to be awarded to the other party (McKendrick and Liu, 2015, p. 468). This means that the injury has to be such that was predictable and which causes some major loss to the other party. The last requirement is to show that the injury was a direct result of the negligence of the party which owed the duty. Once all of these elements come together, the harmed party can make a claim of negligence and claim compensation for their injuries (Gibson and Fraser, 2014, p. 170). A leading defense in cases of negligence is contributory negligence. Under this defense, the injured party does something which contributes towards the harm sustained by them. In other words, their actions are such which result in the injury being sustained. And in such cases, upon the discretion of the court, the amount of damages ordered to be paid to the plaintiff is brought down by the magnitude of their contribution (Legal Services Commission, 2016). Davies v Swan Motor Co [1949] 2 KB 291 was such a case where the plaintiff was deemed to have been a contributor towards their injuries (Harvey and Marston, 2009, p. 244). Application The facts of the case have to be analyzed to prove the negligence of MacTools Ltd. MacTools Ltd was the manufacturer of the product which was used by the consumer, i.e., Aurora. The purchase of product by Mulan would not evade the liability of MacTools Ltd on the basis of Donoghue v Stevenson. In this case, the relationship of the parties had to be reason for one party owing a duty of care towards another. Here also, the relationship between MacTools Ltd and Aurora was such that the actions of MacTools Ltd could injure Aurora. And due to the proximity of relationship between the two, a duty of care was owed to Aurora by MacTools Ltd. To show the contravention of this duty, the failure of MacTools Ltd would prove to be of help. This is because the company, just to not undergo the cost of recalling the drills, decided not to do anything about the possibility of a short circuit. Even though this chance was very less, it was still a possibility, which made the incident reasonably foreseeable. And a prudent person would have taken steps to avoid such incident. By not taking the requisite step, the duty of care which MacTools Ltd owed to Aurora was breached. The loss of eye is a substantial injury as per Paris v Stepney Borough Council and the breach of duty of care would make MacTools Ltd liable to compensate Aurora. Though, there was a clear contribution in this injury by Aurora. This is evident from her ignoring the safety warning which was issued by the company which was contained on the drill. She failed to read this warning, and this is her fault and not the fault of MacTools Ltd. So, for the damages she suffered, her contributory negligence would result in the amount being decreased on the basis of Davies v Swan Motor Co. A claim of negligence by Jessie also has to be evaluated. In this case, MacTools Ltd could not have foreseen that due to the malfunction of drill, the power would go off and the vase of Jessie would be shattered. There was a lack of foreseeability to take precautions against it. Also, a duty of care was not owed by MacTools Ltd to Jessie as there was no proximity in their relationship. Hence, a duty of care was not owed by MacTools Ltd to Jessie. Conclusion To conclude, MacTools Ltd would be liable to compensate Aurora for her losses arising from their negligence and this amount would be reduced by the amount decided by the court for Auroras contributory negligence. However, MacTools Ltd would not have to compensate Jessie as a case of negligence was not present here. References Barnett, K., and Harder, S. (2014). Remedies in Australian Private Law, Victoria: Cambridge University Press, p. 148. Clark, E. (2010). Cyber Law in Australia, The Netherlands: Kluwer Law International, p. 306. E-Law Resources. (2017). Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] AC 562 House of Lords. Retrieved from: https://www.e-lawresources.co.uk/Donoghue-v-Stevenson.php Gibson, A., and Fraser, D. (2014). Business Law 2014, 8th ed, Melbourne: Pearson Education Australia, p. 170. Harvey, B., and Marston, J. (2009). Cases and Commentary on Tort, 6th ed, New York: Oxford University Press, p. 244. Latimer, P. (2012). Australian Business Law 2012, 31st ed, Sydney, NSW: CCH Australia Limited, p. 225. Legal Services Commission. (2016). Negligence. Retrieved from: https://www.lawhandbook.sa.gov.au/ch01s05.php McKendrick, W., and Liu, Q. (2015). Contract Law: Australian Edition, London: Palgrave Macmillan, p. 468. Swarb. (2017). Paris v Stepney Borough Council: HL 13 Dec 1950. Retrieved from: https://swarb.co.uk/paris-v-stepney-borough-council-hl-13-dec-1950/

Television Fundamentals Essays - Television Technology, Electronics

Television Fundamentals In this report on television I will discuss television signals, the components the make up a television, and how a television produces the picture and sound for the final output. The sound carrier is at the upper end of the spectrum. Frequency modulation is used to impress the sound on the carrier. The maximum frequency deviation is twenty-five kilohertz, considerably less than the deviation permitted by confessional FM stereo. As a result, a TV sound signal occupies less bandwidth in the spectrum than a standard FM broadcast station. Stereo sound is available in TV, and the multiplexing method used to transmit two channels of sound information is virtually identical to that used in stereo transmission for FM broadcasting. The picture information is transmitted on a separate carrier located 4.5 MHz lower in frequency than the sound carrier. The video signal derived from a camera is used to amplitude modulate the picture carrier. Different methods of modulation are used for both sound and picture information so that there is less interference between the picture and sound signals. The full upper sidebands of the picture information are transmitted, but only a portion of the lower sidebands is suppressed to conserve spectrum space. The color information in a picture is transmitted by way of frequency division multiplexing techniques. Two color signals derived from the camera are used to modulate a subcarrier that, in turn, modulates the picture carrier along with the main voice information. The color subcarriers use double-sideband-suppressed carrier AM. The video signal can contain frequency components up to 4.2 MHz. Therefore, if both sidebands were transmitted simultaneously, the picture signal would occupy 8.4 MHz. The vestigal sideband transmission reduces this excessive bandwidth. Because a TV signal occupies so much bandwidth, it must be transmitted in a very high frequency portion of the spectrum. TV signals are assigned to frequencies in the VHF and UHF range. United States TV stations use the frequencies between 54 and 806 MHz. This portion of the spectrum is divided into sixty-eight 6MHz channels that are assigned frequencies. Channels 2 through 7 occupy the frequency range from 54 to 88 MHz. Additional TV channels occupy the space between 470 and 806 MHz. The video signal is most often generated by a TV camera, a very sophisticated electronic device that incorporates lenses and light-sensitive tranducers to convert the scene or object to be viewed into an electrical signal that can be used to modulate a carrier. To do this, the scene to be transmitted is collected and focused by a lens upon a light-sensitive imaging device. Both vacume tube and semiconductor devices are used for converting the light information in the scene into an electrical signal. The scene is divided into smaller segments that can be transmitted serially over a period of time. It is the job of the camera to subdivide the scene in an orderly manner so that an acceptable signal is developed. This process is called scanning. Scanning is a technique that divides a rectangular scene up into individual lines. The standard TV scene dimensions have an aspect ratio of 4:3; that is, the scene width is four units for every 3 units of height. To create a picture, the scene is subdivided into many fine horizontal lines called scan lines. Each line represents a very narrow portion of light variations in the scene. The greater the number of scan lines, the higher the resolution and the greater the detail that can be observed. United States TV standards call for the scene to be divided into a maximum of 525 horizontal lines. The task of the TV camera is to convert the scene into an electrical signal. The camera accomplishes this by transmitting a voltage of 1 volt for black and 0 volts for white. The scene is divided into 15 scan lines numbered 0 through 14. The scene is focused on the light-sensitive area of a vidicon tube or CCD imaging device that scans the scene one line at time, transmitting the light variations along the lines as voltage levels. Where the white background is being scanned a 0 volt signal occurs. When a black picture element is encountered a 1 volt level is transmitted. The electrical signals derived from each scan line are refereed to as the video signal. They are transmitted serially one after the other until the entire scene has been sent. Since the scene contains colors, there are different levels of light along each scan line. This information is transmitted as different shades of gray between black and white.