Essay about Arthurian Legends Effects on English Society

What role did the great King Arthur play in the way English Literature is perceived? Did King Arthur honestly exist? â€Å"Whether King Arthur existed or not is doubtful. However if King Arthur did exist, then he would have lived sometime between 400 AD and 600 AD, a time of turmoil in Britain following the Roman withdrawl. And a time when written literature did not exist, therefore events during this period are only known about from folklore passed down several generations before being written down, or from modern archeology giving insights from excavations of sites. If there was ever a true King Arthur in history, he would probably be Romano-British warleader, probably named Artorius, which is a Roman name for Arthur. Though the Roman†¦show more content†¦The Arthurian Legends were an effect of the Romantic Era and resulted in abstract thinking, as well as the arts including music, painting, poetry, and writing. The birth of the Arthurian Legends came from Celtic mytholo gy and medieval romance, while the existence of magic confirms the conception of artistic intellect. Whether or not King Arthur truly existed, his influence dramatically changed the English society and English Literature to its current form (Arthurian Legends Vol. 1). The Arthurian Legend is seen to be extremely influential in benefitting the English people during the Romantic Era. Even if King Arthur is a fictional character of myth and legend in England, his childhood, countless glories and achievements as the king of Camelot, and the final down fall of his strong empire validated his importance to English literature. Proof of King Arthur’s existence would possibly solidify the impact he had on the English culture (Arthurian Legends Vol. 1). The early childhood of King Arthur seems to be the foundation of the epic journey of his life. Even though his achievements as a child were brief, they were extremely important to King Arthur’s outlook on life, as well as character. As an optimistic squire, King Arthur had hopes of one day overcoming his social standing. He received his wish when he unknowingly pulled the magical sword out of the stone.Show MoreRelatedArthurian Legends Effects on English Society1104 Words   |  5 Pagesdid the great King Arthur play in the way English Literature is perceived? The Arthurian Legends reveal King Arthur as a chivalrous king and not as a historical figure but as a myth of mass amounts of achievements. From his search of the Holy Grail, to his perfect society in Camelot and his development of the Round Table, King Arthur’s legend displayed his heroic character. Through the many countless legends of the glorious King Arthur, England’s society underwent a drastic change in the outlookRead MoreChristian Elements in the King Arthur1295 Words   |  6 Pagesproducts of heroic periods and their unique era of culture. Acknowledging Medieval literature illustrates a society of heroic knights, led by a luxurious king, charging into battle, romantic connections between royalty and a common person, and new discoveries being found. As well as times characterized by feudal activity, along with the Catholic Church holding an influencing control of society, and placing h eavily on the laws they laid. The Church ruled simultaneously with the government, controllingRead More The Effects of Sir Thomas Malory’s Life and Culture on the Arthurian Legends2233 Words   |  9 PagesThe Effects of Sir Thomas Malory’s Life and Culture on the Arthurian Legends In many cases, authors write books in order to comment on the culture they live in. In addition, the personal life experiences of the author are also expressed in the work. In the case of the Arthurian Legends, the major contributor was Sir Thomas Malory, who lived from 1405 to 1471 (Abrams, 420). The first section of this paper will examine why Sir Thomas Malory should be considered the greatest contributorRead MoreThe Depiction of Morgan Le Fay in Various Accounts of The Arthurian Legend2196 Words   |  9 Pagesin Various Accounts of The Arthurian Legend Morgaine speaks.... In my time I have been called many things: sister, lover, priestess, wise-woman, queen. So begins Marion Zimmer Bradleys account of the Arthurian legend, which places unusual emphasis on the character of Morgaine, otherwise known as Morgan Le Fay. But who exactly is Morgan and how does she vary in the different accounts of the Arthurian legend? In order to assess how MorganRead MoreLiterature And Old English Literature1127 Words   |  5 Pages Throughout history, English Literature has evolved in many ways. It has changed from Old English to Middle English. One big change is how we shared and communicated stories. Quite a few other things that changed are the attitudes of fighters, and who heroes fought against. The treatment of women differed from seeing women as possessions to seeing them as people. The role of religion changed to have less of an influence. Plagues led to the end of the feudal system, and king’s absolute powerRead MoreHistory of British Literature3343 Words   |  14 Pagesthe sense of separate identity and indigenous culture 1362- English became the official language in court and was also used in schools. 14thc. witnessed the first original literary works written in English. Middle English literature English literature of the medieval period, c.1100 to c.1500. Background The Norman conquest of England in 1066 traditionally signifies the beginning of 200 years of the domination of French in English letters. French cultural dominance, moreover, was general inRead MoreThe Medieval Period in England3460 Words   |  14 PagesHistory books and other historical documents. Starting with the Battle of Hastings and the Norman Conquest - when William the Conqueror effectively took all of the lands and property from the Saxon English and gave them to his French nobles and knights. The Medieval Times saw the building of the great English castles, including the Tower of London and Dover Castle which helped the Normans to retain their hold on England during these turbulent times. The Medieval times also saw the start of the CrusadesRead MoreMedieval Poetry3509 Words   |  15 Pagessuch as St Thomas Aquinas. One of the most famous religious works of the period was  The Golden Legend, a collection of stories about the saints by Jacobus de Voraigne. Not all medieval literature was religious in nature, however. Secular poems and prose works related the deeds of semi-legendary heroes and villains. Examples of this type of work include the French  Song of Roland  and  Beowulf, an early English poem about a heros battles against a series of monsters. Other popular heroes in medieval literatureRead MoreNotes on Medieval Europe and Japan Essay2169 Words   |  9 Pageslord as a fee for use of the land 5. What options did a second son have for a career in medieval society? †¢ had to find their own ways to gain land †¢ military †¢ squires, assisting knights †¢ apprenticeship. Boys would train and often live with a master of a trade, such as a carpenter, blacksmith, or cobbler 6. In what ways were women’s positions in medieval society tied to the fate of men? †¢ A single woman’s position was tied to her father’s; a married woman’sRead MoreClassification of Literature3483 Words   |  14 PagesCLASSIFICATIONs OF LITERATURE I. Divisions of Literature Literature Prose Poetry Fiction Nonfiction Dramatic Narrative Lyric Drama Short Story Novel Tale Fable Myth Legends Folktales Essay Biography Autobiography Diary History Chronicle News Anecdote Tragedy Comedy Opera Operetta Ballad Epic Metrical Tale Metrical Romance Ode Sonnet Song Elegy POINT OF COMPARISON | PROSE | POETRY | Form | Paragraph | Verse | Language | Words and rhythms of ordinary and everyday language | Metrical,

Antigones Character - 1565 Words

Steeped in family drama, death, politics, and religion, Sophocles’ Antigone is a complex tragedy to say the least. The basic plot of the tragedy is the conflict between Antigone’s family principles and religious tradition and Creon’s embodiment of state and its authority (Scodel). It is on of three tragedies written by Sophocles that chronicle the life of Oedipus. It was written before Oedipus the King, but is a culmination of the events that occurred after Oedipus’ death (Norton 610). Antigone’s brothers, Eteocles and Polynices had battled over the throne of Thebes, resulting in the death of both (Lawall). To show his disdain for the treasonous acts of Polynices, Creon passes a decree against his burial: †¦a proclamation has forbidden the†¦show more content†¦In a battle over Thebes, her brothers kill each other in hand-to-hand combat. Her family is dwindling away at a fast pace, dealing with the loss of a loved one can be overwhelming. Antigone’s grief over the death of her brothers is compounded by the ensuing controversy over the burial rights of Polynices. While Eteocles is considered a hero for protecting Thebes, Polynices is labeled a traitor for waging war against his homeland (Norton 610). On top of her losses, she faces the decision of going against a direct order from the state to leave Polynices corpse unburied. She easily decides to defy Creon out of her loyalty to Polynices, the gods, her duty as a sister. Antigone makes no distinctions between her brothers and when Ismene refuses to help her, she disowns her (Lawall). Babko writes, â€Å"Any loyalties are revealed in the first lines of Antigone, as Antigone announces that she will defy Creonâ€⠄¢s order and bury her brother.† Antigone is well aware that the penalty for defying Creon’s order, she states, â€Å"†¦he won’t treat the matter lightly. Whoever disobeys in the least will die, his doom is sealed: stoning to death inside the city walls!† (41-41). Her devotion to her family, in spite of its consequences, is one of Antigone’s most admirable qualities, a quality that fosters compassion for her suffering. In addition to defying Creon based on her loyalty to her family,Show MoreRelatedSympathy for the Main Character in Sophocles Antigone Essay794 Words   |  4 PagesSympathy for the Main Character in Sophocles Antigone Sophocles play is named after its main character, Antigone, and for one the first times in Greek Tragedy it is a woman. In this play, Antigone is clearly the protagonist, as she is showed in her grief, seems sympathetic and the reader or spectator sees her from the beginning; it creates more impact and draws attention to the extremity Read MoreSophocles Antigone : The Third Of The Three Theban Tragic Plays1106 Words   |  5 Pageslove for her brothers. After Antigone’s two brothers, Polynices and Eteocles died in battle, Creon became the new leader of Thebes. Creon orders that Eteocles have a proper burial while Polynices’s body remain unburied, simply left to rot. Antigone refuses to let her brother’s body be disrespected and decides to go against Creon’s orders and bury her brother herself. After being caught, Haemon, Creon’s son and Antigone’s love, fails to persuade his father to spare Antigone’s life. In the end of the playRead More The Tragic Hero: Creon or Antigone? Essay1293 Words   |  6 Pages In the Greek tragedy Antigone, the characters Antigone and Creon can both be thought of as the tragic hero of the play. Though Antigone does show some of these characteristics of a tragic hero, Creon demonstrates the attributes more clearly and concisely. Creon is the King of Thebes, as well as the uncle of Antigone. Creon took the throne after a tragic quarrel between his two nephews, Eteocles and Polyneices. Despite his harsh governing and his crude ideals, he is not good or bad. Creon is theRead MoreComparing Aristotle s The Play Antigone 1066 Words   |  5 PagesThese elements include plot, character, thought, diction, melody, and spectacle. Of these 6 elements he believed plot was the most important followed by character. Aristotle defined plot as the story or action of the play. He defined character as all of the qualities readers associate with different individuals in the play. He said that thought was the process in which characters come to decisions. It’s essentially the process of reasoning that leads a character to do something. Aristotle definedRead More Creon As Tragic Hero of Sophocles’ Antigone Essay836 Words   |  4 PagesCr eon As Tragic Hero of Sophocles’ Antigone Since the play’s inception, there has always existed a contention concerning the true hero of Sophocles’ Antigone. It is a widely held belief that Antigone must be the main character simply because she and the drama share name. This is, of course, a very logical assumption. Certainly Sophocles must have at least meant her to be viewed as the protagonist, else he would not have given her the play’s title. Analytically speaking, however, Creon doesRead MoreKreon, Tragic Hero in Antigone Essay546 Words   |  3 PagesIn the play, Antigone, by Sophocles, there is a character, King Kreon, who is portrayed as the tragic hero, or protagonist. A tragic hero is the main character with tragic flaw, or a defect that leads to their downfall and the character is usually of high status. King Kreon would be considered the protagonist because he is opposed by an antagonist and is the main character in the play, he has the tragic flaws of stubbornness and too much self-pri de, and these flaws are struck with bad luck. KingRead More Antigone Essay1318 Words   |  6 PagesAntigone Essay In any story or piece of literature, there will always be the main characters to fill the pages with incessant adventure. The characters whose names appear on almost every page and the characters whose actions the story revolves around. However, a story will also always have its minor characters. These are the characters that contribute heavily to the plot, yet arent mentioned quite as often and are underestimated regarding their importance in the story. In the Greek masterpieceRead More The Character of Antigone Essay522 Words   |  3 PagesThe Character of Antigone Antigone, the character for which the play was named, is a very complex character. She seems to change directions all throughout the play and there is never one point in which you know exactly what she will do because she is just that unpredictable. This unpredictability also makes her seem very hypocritical because she will say something and then turn on a dime and say the complete opposite. Antigone’s character is very intriguing strictly due to the fact that sheRead MoreSophocles Oedipus The King871 Words   |  4 Pageshamartia of Antigone and Oedipus play a major role in the story. In â€Å"Antigone† the character Antigone displays numerous archetypes including the character archetype, symbolic archetype, and situational archetype. Antigone displays the character archetype through her actions of playing the hero. Antigone is the protagonist and proves herself against the wrong s of Creon and the past life of her family. The other character archetype she displays is the one of the martyr because she sacrifices herself toRead MoreComparison Of Euripides Antigone And Lysistrata1362 Words   |  6 Pagestwo important, popular plays that contain a main character that was female. Although they can both be seen as very similar, they do differ in many ways. The most important difference between Antigone and Lysistrata is that Antigone has a community that does not approve of the main character’s plans and although they feel sympathy for her, they take the opposing side, while Lysistrata has a society of people that come together to help the main charact er achieve her goal. This difference is important

The s Night - Original Writing - 1526 Words

The first thing I noticed about the Rift was that it looked like one of those sleep pods from sci-fi movies in the early 2000’s. The machine was sleek. A silver pod, with the outline of an opening barely visible. Perfectly ordinary for such a device, but for some reason it sucked all the light out of the room. The weight of what I was about to experience finally catching up to me. I will be able to see, smell, and feel everything. Everything that happened in Elie Wiesel’s night. I will see, smell, and feel the holocaust through the eyes of Wiesel. â€Å"Alright, uh, Yavin. Nice name. I’m Mr. Hiraku. Are you ready?† the teacher asked, looking down at his chart for my name. â€Å"Yes sir.† I answered, a bit shakily. I had used VR before for video games, but never for something so important. â€Å"Alright. I’m going to read you off some side effects involved with this experience. ‘While participating in the Night VR experience software, you may encounter some nausea, disorientation, and discomfort due to the connectors. After using the Night VR experience software, you may encounter nightmares, thoughts of suicide, depression, and other symptoms of PTSD. Would you like to continue with the use of this VR software?’† I hadn’t known there was going to be so many side effects. But then again, it’s to be expected. To experience something only explainable as horrific, even through VR, is bound to leave something behind. Noticing my hesitation, Mr. Hiraku added â€Å"Yavin, these side effects areShow MoreRelatedMythology by Edith Hamilton Critical Analysis837 Words   |  4 Pagesdescribed is by analyzing the book s purpose. This book was written for many purposes. In Hamilton s perspective, the purpose of this work was simply to show us the way the human race thought and felt untold ages ago (13). Another purpose of the book was to entertain its readers and audiences. Reading Edith Hamilton s collection of Greek and Roman myths gives its readers more knowledge about how ancient civilizations explained things. Hamilton s purpose for writing this literary work was also toRead More A Clean, Well-Lighted Place Essay1482 Words   |  6 Pageswhere the main characters are two waiters and an old man. In the story, Hemingway hardly created a background for his characters, but this was part of his minimalist writing style. He wanted to create a story that was straightforward to the reader, and in which th e reader could easily understand his attitude. His purpose for writing the story was to expose his feelings on society, politics, and the individual at the time. These feelings could be characterized by three main words: desperation, disillusionmentRead MoreAnalysis Of The Character Clemencia For Never Marry A Mexican1240 Words   |  5 Pagesstory, I was indulge into a society where it s a shame for women to think of men sexually let alone a marry man. I think it is a sign from society to pretty much wanting women to be pure and well behave. But, Clemencia she goes against that current. Her thoughts are liquid and they sting. They let the readers in and be apart of her brain as a spectator. She makes the reader, realizes how powerful she is and she is able to have that power because she s not afraid of being blunt and straightforwardRead MoreTravel Writing : The Perfect Synthesis Of Work And Vacation1405 Words   |  6 Pagesa vacation is to take a break from work and free one s mind from the daily grind for a short while so as to be rested and recharged when you return. The only thing better than a vacation is a paid vacation, but that s something of a luxury. However, there are ways to turn a vacation into something that pays, accomplishing two things at once with a workload that won t disrupt the relaxed flow that makes these trips worthwhile. Travel writing functions as the perfect synthesis of work and vacationRead MoreFreud s Worst Nightmare Perfect Sex Dream1021 Words   |  5 PagesFreud and his relation to modern cinema, memories, and the development of the original horror film. She begins by describing Freud and his obsession with horror. She briefly mentions some of his case histories that entail themes of sexual abuse, hysteria, bestiality, phobias, and perversity, but primarily continues to inform us of his hatred of cinema. Considering Freud was born in 1856, he was just reaching his mid 50’s when early cinema really took off. 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Cite more sources inside in your body paragraphs using parenthetical citations, especially after quotations, historical facts, numbers, and dates. Use author s last name and date in your parenthetical citations. If author is unknown, use title. Match these citations with theRead MoreGrammar Lesson Plan1101 Words   |  4 Pageslay and lie to converse variances between the two irregular verbs in the different principal forms. To allow students an chance to further review lay and lie irregular verb usage. To provide students with certain reading and semi-composed writing practice. Time: Approximately 60 minutes Assumptions: Students ought To be at ease with few regular and irregular verbs To be mundane with a good amount of the terminology used in the presentation and practice stages. Anticipated problems and solutions:Read MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens980 Words   |  4 PagesIn the book, Great Expectations has a young boy named Pip as it s main character. 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How Charlotte Bronte Uses Language Detail and Setting In...

How Charlotte Bronte Uses Language Detail and Setting In The First Two Chapters Of Jane Eyre Jane Eyre is a novel written by Charlotte BrontÃÆ' « in the 19th century. Throughout the novel BrontÃÆ' « incorporates elements of her own personal life. A prime example of this is the inequalities between men and women. When she wrote this novel she had to use a male nom de plume so she could sell the book it was only after the novel was well known that she revealed that she wrote it. Another interesting example of this is that BrontÃÆ' « was a benefactress as is Jane in the novel, a benefactress is a private tutor/teacher or someone who supports or helps a person. The novel is written using a first person narrative,†¦show more content†¦This may make her upset or depressed and most probably seems unfair to her. She is treated badly because she is different from them in terms of personality and looks. There is Georgiana with her rosy cheeks and blonde, curly locks of hair. John who is supposedly a grand young man according to his mother etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The stories, which Bessie is telling the young children, create a superstition in Jane and this is shown in the red-room when she thinks she sees the spirit of the late Mr Reed. The stories that are being told are set in dark, gothic places, described in words such as shadowy, ghastly, death-white, haunted, churchyard, Jane also mentions the words phantoms, terror the effects of these words are to make the description more interesting and to further the gothic/supernatural features in the first two chapters. These words also may relate to the mood and the atmosphere that Jane is in. Also it relates to the red-room, which is packed, full of gothic features and colours for example the large features in the room and the colours of red that it uses. These stories all build up in Jane and she becomes very wary of such stories as we see later on the novel where she hears Mr Rochesters mad wife laughing we feel that it is a haunted place just because of the superstition that Jane has. We see afterwards why Jane hates the manor in which she lives. The reason beingShow MoreRelatedHow Charlotte Bronte Creates Sympathy for Jane in the First Two Chapters of the Novel1423 Words   |  6 PagesHow Charlotte Bronte Creates Sympathy for Jane in the First Two Chapters of the Novel Charlotte Brontes novel Jane Eyre (1848) is a story is about a ten year old orphan girl called Jane Eyre. Her circumstances are as follows; when both of her parents died within a year of her birth, leaving her into the care of her Aunt, Mrs Reed. Mrs Reed is a widow of Janes uncle, who broke her promise to late husband by mistreating Jane cruelly. Then Jane is also bullied by here threeRead MoreRise of the English Novel5132 Words   |  21 Pagesmythology, history, legend or previous literature. Daniel Defoe and Samuel Richardson were the first to take the emerging trends of individuality and originality and apply them to literature. Their stories were completely unique and used realism to show how people actually live (Watt 14). As the English novel developed the idea of characterization changed dramatically. A wide variety of characters and settings began to be used like â€Å"a man on an island, a servant-girl under siege, or a solitary eccentricRead MoreCause and Impact Analysis on the Main Character’s Suffering in Elizabeth Gilbert’s Novel Eat, Pray, Love7348 Words   |  30 PagesChapter I INTRODUCTION In this chapter the researcher discussed about this study based on background of the study, problem statements of the study, purpose of the study, the significance of the study, scope and limitation of the study, and definition of key terms. All of them were included on the chapter one as fulfilled of the study. 1. Background of The Study Literature did not take itself to a single definition because the achieving of it over century has been as complex and naturalRead MoreFeminist Approach to Witchcraft; Case Study: Millers the Crucible6554 Words   |  27 PagesTitle: Re(dis)covering the Witches in Arthur Millers The Crucible: A Feminist Reading Author(s): Wendy Schissel Publication Details: Modern Drama 37.3 (Fall 1994): p461-473. Source: Drama Criticism. Vol. 31. Detroit: Gale. From Literature Resource Center. Document Type: Critical essay Bookmark: Bookmark this Document Full Text: COPYRIGHT 2008 Gale, Cengage Learning Title Re(dis)covering the Witches in Arthur Millers The Crucible: A Feminist Reading [(essay date fall 1994) In the following

The Permanent Impact Of The Industrial Revolution

The Permanent Impact of the Industrial Revolution It is fair to say, that when we are talking on our cell phone in the car on the way to the mall to purchase a new outfit, it does not usually cross our mind about how we have the ability to be doing such things. We do not consider the fact that we have these means of transportation or communication. Even more so, we definitely do not think about what it would be like to have to special order an outfit after picking the material and being fitted for it, only to have to wait days to weeks before it was ready for us to pick up. Why don’t we think about this? Because we have never known life to be any other way. However, it wasn’t always this easy or convenient. People didn’t just wake up one morning to a revolutionized America. It was a slow, evolving process, one that occurred over more than 250 years and, in fact, it is still evolving today. The Industrial Revolution changed human life forever by changing th e way goods were produced, increasing production, improving transportation and communication means, and changing the social classes and the way people lived their daily lives. Modern-day America is â€Å"modern† because of The Industrial Revolution (Industrial Revolution). I will start by briefly touching on what life was like before the Revolution. Before the Revolution, the majority of people were living at or very close to poverty level. They farmed so they could feed their families. The cities that managed toShow MoreRelatedClimate Change : An Effective Method Of Improving Air Quality During This Transition1676 Words   |  7 Pagessignificant change in global climate patterns caused by the alteration of earth’s atmosphere due to high carbon emissions. Climate change is a timely, controversial and significant topic. Global temperature has been increasing since the start of the Industrial Revolution and climate specialists have put forth an array of compelling evidence to prove the actuality of climate change. Climate change is already a threat to our planet’s population and economy; it is an issue that requires effective and long-lastingRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution Of The Middle East1071 Words   |  5 Pagesadvanced forms of weaponry. Such a desire was not ignored in America nor England during the Industrial Revolution, but, rather, was seen by many as an opportune investment during a time of extraordinarily progressive innovation. With this in mind the Industrial Revolution became heavily involved with the advancement of weaponry, forever changing the face of war unlike any era before it. The industrial revolution was a time of great change for both Europe and America. Inventions during this time (suchRead MoreThe Impact of the Industrial Revolution on Western Society1367 Words   |  6 PagesThe Industrial Revolution had a significant impact on Western society and the effects were numerous and mainly positive. The Industrial Revolution began in England in the 1790’s and spread throughout Europe and eventually to America. The extensive effects of the Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of daily life and human society in some way. During this time period, widespread transportation such as railroads became available and important for the movement of goods and people. AlsoRead MoreWhy Did the 1905 Revolution Fail746 Words   |  3 PagesWhy did the 1905 revolution fail? One of the main reasons that the 1905 revolution failed was because the October Manifesto merely only satisfied the middle classes’ appetite for reform. However this was only a short term change in government therefore it was not really a revolution because the changes were not permanent. To add, the readiness of the liberals to accept the government’s political and economical bribes indicted that they were not genuinely ready for a revolution at this time. FurthermoreRead MoreContrasting the Politics, History, Economics and Education of China and the US1418 Words   |  6 Pagesthousand years of Chinese history whereas there is only 238 years of American history. On the other hand, the early modern Chinese history is only 174 years, which is even shorter than American history. Plus, American history has experienced the industrial revolution and many reforms whereas China has not. 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At what cost are humans taking to survive on this planet that they are unintentionally destroying? In this paper, th e topics of the Neolithic Revolution, these strategies of food gathering, and the consequences of the strategies will be discussed. Along with the amazing ways humans are able to adapt to the extreme conditions environments offer; the different settlements of various cultures thatRead MoreIntro and historical context Spain is in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula and is1100 Words   |  5 PagesThe revolution of Spain all started when workers werent happy with the way they had to work and began to stop working. Workers would revolt against the law in order to get a reaction out of the government. This revolt of workers started in 1939 in Spain and made its way to Catalonia, Aragon, Andalusia and parts of Levante. Spain economy was put under worker control and began during the outbreak of the Spanish civil war. 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Some may not have all four of these goals, but most will imperialize these countries for the sake of economic power. With the drive of the industrial revolution underway, there was a huge boost in Europes economy and population. With the continuous population growth

Social Darwinism in 19th Century Europe free essay sample

This paper is about the effects of Darwins theory of evolution This paper traces the scientific theories that come from Darwins Theory of Evolution with a focus on the impact they have had on society. Everyone, at some time or another, finds it necessary to justify their actions in some way. To do so, we often use examples of similar actions, historical events, or written facts that support and justify our own actions. Throughout history, many pieces of writing have been used to justify various actions and events. The Bible has been used to justify a great deal of actions: both good and bad. Everything that is written, can be interpreted in different ways by different people. For example, the Bible says an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth.[1] This has been used by legal systems to justify capital punishment. However, it has also been used by murderers to justify their revengeful and unlawful crimes. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Darwinism in 19th Century Europe or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

Stronger Globalization in Connection to International HRM

Questions: 1.You should put forward both the arguments for and against the strong globalization thesis and how the debate to international HRM. when considering the extent to which HR practices are converging or diverging, you should refer to all three levels of analysis in order to put forword your opinion on the convergence or divergence of HR practices? 2.You nees to put forward the three main arguments for the internationlistion of firms. with regard to MNC strategy and structure, you should demonstrate your understanding of the three main types of strategy and how each strategy results in defferent types of structure and HR practice. You should also demonstrate your understanding of how strategies are determined by the balance between the competing pressures to achieve strategic integration, local responsiveness and global innovation facing MNC's? Answers: 1. Stronger globalization in connection to International HRM International HRM or IHRM is a term which is given to the process of Human Resource Management in a highly globalized environment which has been aided by increased globalization across the world. Globalization is defined as the process of international integration which arises from interchange of world views, ideas, products and various aspects of culture. There are arguments which are for and against the need of strengthening or rather focusing on international HRM for companies from different parts of the world. Globalization in present world with respect to organizational activities is largely influenced by IHRM practices which organizations adopt. Arguments for and against Globalization 1. Global Effects: With globalization the exposure available to human resources of any organization is provided with an opportunity to explore larger possibilities and the organization is provided with a vast pool of talent. Globalization when facilitated by stronger IHRM practices indeed increases the level of efficiency an organization has to choose from and has facilitated to a drastic reduction in costs for many organizations. The limitations of international barriers have been reduced drastically while it has become quicker and much easier for any company to operate and offer its services to any part of the world (Runebergendorff 2007). 2. Local and National Effects: Globalization has its flipside as well. There have been cases of reduced job availability as more developed countries are thinking to outsource their operations to other countries. Hence, globalization in IHRM has led to limited opportunities for citizens of several countries. For example many MNCs are outsourcing their data processing and other outbound services to countries like India, Singapore, or other South East Asian nations. In countries like USA, companies have faced criticism for outsourcing tasks and reducing the work base in their own countries. On the other hand, with a Globalized environment more and more companies from different countries compete with each other and may make the competition tougher for the smaller local producers (KGK Uni-Obuda n.d.). 3. Organizational Effects: There are both for and against aspects of this area. While costs have been reduced, organizations need to devote more time towards training and development for employees which they recruit in countries where tasks are outsourced to. Also, the time for processing, delegating and evaluating each tasks takes more time than it used to take previously. A positive out of Globalization is the fact that a company grows global and can work around the clock. A collaborated effort makes sure that the organizations are processing more activities in comparison to what they had been doing. From the above cases it can be concluded that globalization has offered a virtually new domain for managers to explore. The diverse work climates and the increased level of competition has reduced the aspect of convergence of HR practices which previously looked to be standardized for each company. In a globalized environment, differentiation in HR practices has played a key role towards success of companies across the world. This divergence aspect to globalization has been the result of a diversified work environment along with different work cultures which have come together (Monash 2003). Debate related to International Human Resource when considering extent to which the IHRM is converging or diverging Globalization means that firms need to internationalize and operate globally. In order to compete and offer good costs for the products or services on offer, it is very important to internationalize their operations. The three arguments which advocate for increasing internationalization of firms are: Access to factors of production: Globalization has opened up great avenues for companies to explore the opportunities of having access to different factors of production. For instance, MNCs in USA are switching their manufacturing units in countries like India or China or Taiwan as the costs of production is much lower. With reduced costs, the companies are able to offer cost effective products and services to its customers. Moreover, companies operating in other countries also get the opportunity to utilize raw materials and resources which are not available their own countries to come up with newer products (Biz Research Papers 2009). Access to markets: Globalization also offers a much wider market for any company to offer their products. For instance Pepsi Co which is an American company catering to the world and is a market leader. As it is present in such a huge market it has the opportunity to keep its margins lower and still make huge profits. This keeps the opportunity of any similar company to stay out of competition and virtually leave a very small opportunity to grow to such a high level. Exploitation a firm-specific advantage: Internationalization offers a foreign market which has specific characteristics which could be of political, social or even political nature which permits firms to profitably exploit the firm specific advantages by way of locating that particular market. This can only be attained by offering products which are not presently being offered in that specific market. With the above key advantages which advocate for internationalization, the strategies of companies differ with respect to their scale of operations. Broadly the strategies of IHRM is different for companies operating as multinationals, global or transnational. For example standardization of HR practices is possible in case of transnational companies where there is a specific market which they cater to. In case of global or multinational companies the HR practices cannot be standardized as the market conditions and cultures are very different from one another (Jims Journal n.d.). 2. Person Specification for the Role of Human Resource Manager The following specifications are designed for the role of a Human Resource Director for the task of overseeing the entire process of managing the employees within the organization. It starts from recruitment and selection and moves towards effective rewards and recognition strategies to get the operations of the organization done in an effective manner. The requirements for the job profile are: Skills, Knowledge and aptitude: The individual who would be good for this position would need to be a stronger and effective communicator in writing, business presentations as well as interpersonal communications. Some of the other important skills and aptitudes required are: He needs to portray highly developed as well as demonstrated teamwork skills. Another element which would be handy is the ability of demonstrating high degree of confidentiality and common sense. As the task would be more for directing the efforts of the team of diverse human resource professionals, he needs to demonstrate the ability of increasing productivity and work in a continuous manner to improve the methods, approaches as well as departmental contribution while being cost-sensitive. A commitment to continuous learning and being expert in employment laws along with insights in the employee relations and communications. Ability of demonstrating for seeing a bigger picture which provides useful and strategic advices as well as inputs across the company. He needs to have the ability of leading in an dynamically fluctuating work environment (Kidder Minister n.d.). Experience of being flexible to work and work towards empowering the employees through structured manner would be an advantage. Experience in working at multiple locations Experience: The HRM director needs to have an experience of over 7 to 10 years of holding responsible positions in Human Resources which prefers in similar industry in two or more organizations. The individual needs to have the experience of supervising as well as manage the professional staffs at different roles within the organizations. Qualifications, education and training: The candidate needs to have at least a Bachelors degree in Human resources, business or a similar degree in the field of management. A Masters degree in Business Administration and Business Management would be the Post Graduate degree which the candidates need to have. In case, the candidate had been holding positions such as Joint director or Deputy Director in any previous organization would have an added advantage (Conventry n.d.). Personal Characteristics: Speaking about the personal characteristics the individual needs to guide and manage the overall provision of Human Resources services, policies as well as programs for the entire organization. He would be inclined to engage in talent management strategies and include workforce planning which would include communicating with other individuals at key positions within the organization. Appropriate circumstance for position of company and person himself After recruitment and final selection processes, the induction program is regarded as the critical area which introduces a new recruit to learn about the organization and his responsibilities. However, training and development needs to be a continuous process, especially when organizations are working in an attempt to internationalize their operations. A well-defined training and development strategy would not only help the individuals grow and be updated with the latest tools and strategies in managing their regular activities but would facilitate the organization to increase the efficiency levels within the organization. Despite being experienced to get the job of a Human Resource Director, there needs to be a proper training and development program which the company needs to offer (Unece 2013). The key constituents for determining the need of undergoing such programs would include: Leadership competencies: The leadership competencies of the Human Resource Director would be determined by the different combination of hard and soft skills possessed by the individual. They would include: Ability of speaking in front of crowd: As the director would be responsible for addressing different individuals at different positions and most of the times teams from various divisions, this would be a very important factor. Ability of reading people: AN HRs main strength lays in the ability he or she has when it comes to reading the minds of people. The director needs to be proactive and anticipate what can be coming next or what a person is searching for. Ability to be strong and not intimated: HR professionals at timesare seen to be weak as they are often intimated by people at key positions. The director should have the ability of standing strong on the right steps and not get intimated by people irrespective of the positions they hold Empathy: Another key element which the director needs to have is having the ability of seeing the point of view of the other individuals. He or she needs to understand the nuances of a particular situation and make appropriate decisions at the right time (Sage Pub n.d.). An able listener: For any leader listening is regarded as a key aspect. Same goes for the Director who would essentially need to have the ability of listening to what others have to say. He should not have a perception or avoid listening to people he believes is not important. Cross-cultural awareness training requirements: As the HR director would need to work in diverse international work environment he or she needs to develop self-maintenance skills, interpersonal skills, and Meta cognitive strategies. Experience of working in diverse work environments and particularly at different locations would add to the advantage. Management Development programs: There are several programs which offer an opportunity for existing professionals to undergo training from time to time with respect to polishing and developing as a manager. The three management development programs which the Human Resource Director needs to undergo are: Leadership Development Programme by National Universityof Singapore Title:Leadership Development Programme Objectives: A program which is designed to help the leaders and senior managers to advance their leadership skills and hence build the capacity of leading a successful change in their organizations. Content:Facets of leadership which includes inspiring and motivating teams, building commitments, and managing resistance to change. Method of Delivery:Leadership frameworks, interactive case studies and exercise. Duration: 5 days Intended recipients: HR Managers and leaders of different management divisions. Executive Certificate in leadership and people management by Singapore Management University Title:Executive Certificate in leadership and people management Objectives:The program explores the important management facets which includes personal effectiveness in senior roles which leads to strategy development as well as implementation. Dedicated program for aspiring the leaders for enhancing their abilities of managing with competence as well as organizational success. Content: - Leadership, Talent Management, Change Management, Performance Management, Team Efficacy, and Personal Effectiveness Method of Delivery: Leadership frameworks, interactive case studies and exercise. Duration: 7 modules and 3 day per module Intended recipients: HR Managers and leaders of different management divisions. Professional Certificate in Business Management by Management Development Institute of Singapore Title:Professional Certificate in Business Management Objectives:The program has been designed for individuals who aspire to have a great career in the field of business management. The participants would develop the fundamental as well as firm understanding of principles and practices in a business environment. It would equip the participants to communicate effectively and prepare them for tougher situations. Content: Fundamentals of marketing, communication skills, principles of accounting and finance, principles of business management. Method of Delivery: Leadership frameworks, interactive case studies and exercise. Duration: 4 modules in 4 months Intended recipients: HR Managers and leaders of different management divisions. Appropriate structure for relevant position of the person in the organization An important element of any HR practice is to offer a strong Rewards strategy. The strategy should be such that it motivates the employees to work in a much more efficient manner. The basic constituents of the rewards strategy of a company looking forward to internationalization are: Payment structures: A company which works in a fluctuating environment where it can make huge benefits or losses should devise a strategy which pleases the employees and is acceptable as per industry standards. The pay needs to be fixed at a base rate for each dedicated positions and should be equally on par with the competitive companies. In an attempt to recognize the efforts of the employees, the organization can declare a bonus pay for every increase in profits which the company makes. This would be called a variable pay and should be directly corresponding to the revenues the respective divisions make (SHRM n.d.). Allowances: In todays work environment, employees need to move from one place to the other. A robust structure based on Cost of Living, housing, transportation and the efforts involved needs to be equally compensated. For instance the allowance for a local employee while working in Singapore would be as per the Singaporean standards. On the contrary when he is required to go to USA for the operations of the company, he would need to be compensated based on the social structures in the respective company. Benefits: Besides monetary compensation, the organization needs to offer other key benefits like pensions for its retiring employees, welfare schemes for the employees and their families, dedicated holiday leaves which should be made compulsory for each employee for each year. Non-Financial Benefits: Financial benefits and other goodies are not only the basic requirements for rewards and recognition of an employee. A firm would need to develop a well-designed career development program and show the place an employee could reach with his efforts in certain periods in future. The company should also offer the employees and option to choose from a set of alternatives and opportunities. For instance, a local resident of Singapore working in an MNC might be provided with an opportunity to leave abroad and work in the USA division. Other aspects of non-monetary rewards include social developmental programs and celebrations of key events or occasions within the company. Another aspect of cross cultural training needs to be an integral part of the company when it wishes to operate in different countries (Deloitte 2014). References Runebergendorff 2007, Globalization Implications for Human Resource Management Roles, accessed on 27thJanuary 2015,https://www.runebergendorff.dk/opendir/Globalization%20Implications%20for%20HRM%20Roles,%20Friedman.pdf KGK Uni-Obuda, Internationalization and Globalization in Human Resource Management, accessed on 27thJanuary 2015,https://kgk.uni-obuda.hu/system/files/Poor.pdf Monash 2003, International Human Resource Management: Asia Pacific Challenges, accessed on 27thJanuary 2015,https://www.buseco.monash.edu.au/mgt/research/working-papers/2003/wp07-03.pdf Biz Research Papers 2009, An Overview Of The Influence Of Globalisation And Internationalisation On Domestic Human Resource Management In New Zealand, accessed on 27thJanuary 2015,https://www.bizresearchpapers.com/1[1].Andries.pdf Jims Journal, Impact of Globalization on Human Resource Management, accessed on 27thJanuary 2015,https://www.jimsjournal.org/6%20Bhushan%20Kapoor.pdf Kidder Minister, Human Resources Manager: Person Specification, accessed on 27thJanuary 2015,https://www.kidderminster.ac.uk/uploads/hr_manager__person_spec0db9fec2.pdf Conventry, Job Description and Person Specifications, accessed on 27thJanuary 2015,https://www.coventry.ac.uk/Global/Coventry%20University%20Vancancy%20Documents/JD%20REQ002676%20HR%20Administrator.pdf Unece 2013, Human Resources Management and Training, accessed on 27thJanuary 2015,https://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/stats/publications/HRMT_w_cover_resized.pdf Sage Pub, Training and Developing Employees, accessed on 27thJanuary 2015,https://www.sagepub.in/upm-data/26858_7.pdf SHRM, Rewards Strategy Report, accessed on 27thJanuary 2015,https://www.shrm.org/about/foundation/research/Documents/07RewardsStratReport.pdf Deloitte 2014, 2014 Global Top Five Total Rewards Priorities Survey, accessed on 27thJanuary 2015, https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/global/Documents/HumanCapital/dttl-2014-top-five-global-employer-rewards-priority-survey-report-20140423.pdf